On-site management of biomedical waste refers to all activities undertaken within a healthcare facility for the safe handling, segregation, collection, storage, treatment and disposal of waste generated during diagnosis, treatment, immunization, research and related healthcare activities. Effective on-site management requires a managerial and systems approach because biomedical waste is not merely a housekeeping issue; it is a complex organizational responsibility involving healthcare workers, patients, waste handlers, administrators, treatment facilities and the surrounding environment. The main objective is to prevent infection, occupational injury, environmental pollution and public exposure while ensuring compliance with applicable biomedical waste regulations. A managerial approach begins with clear allocation of responsibility. The head of the healthcare institution should establish a biomedical waste management system and designate responsible personnel for its implementation. A waste management officer or committee may coordinate the activities of different departments. Duties should be clearly assigned to doctors, nurses, laboratory personnel, housekeeping staff, waste handlers, infection-control personnel and administrators. Written policies and standard operating procedures should specify how waste is to be segregated, collected, transported, treated and disposed of. Regular supervision and monitoring are essential to ensure that procedures are followed consistently. The first and most important operational step is waste minimization and segregation at the point of generation. Biomedical waste should not be allowed to mix with general municipal waste. Waste should be identified and separated immediately where it is produced, such as wards, operating theatres, laboratories, blood banks, vaccination rooms and dressing areas. Appropriate colour-coded containers and bags should be provided according to the applicable biomedical waste management rules. Infectious waste, sharps, contaminated recyclable materials and other categories should be placed in their designated containers. Segregation at source reduces the volume of hazardous waste, lowers treatment costs and minimizes the risk of accidental exposure. Containers used for biomedical waste should be suitable for the type of