Question
Discuss the major demands for reforms in 18th century Britain. What was the response of state to these demands? Or What are the factors that prepared the ground for the revolutionary change in France?
Answer :
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Skip in 10
The eighteenth century in Britain witnessed growing demands for political, social and economic reforms. These demands arose from the limitations of the existing political system, social inequalities and the expansion of new commercial and industrial groups. The system was dominated by the aristocracy and wealthy landowners, while large sections of the population had little political representation. The parliamentary system was highly unequal, with rotten and pocket boroughs possessing disproportionate representation. Major industrial towns such as Manchester and Birmingham had little or no parliamentary representation. Reformers therefore demanded redistribution of parliamentary seats and extension of voting rights. Another important demand was for greater political participation and electoral reform. The influence of wealthy patrons, bribery and corruption in elections created dissatisfaction among emerging middle-class groups. Reformers wanted regular elections, secret voting and a wider electorate. There were also demands for freedom of speech, freedom of the press and protection from arbitrary government action. The American and French revolutionary ideas further encouraged discussions about liberty, equality and popular sovereignty. Social and economic grievances also contributed to the demand for reforms. The growth of industrial capitalism produced difficult working and
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