Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a vital role in the success and smooth functioning of retail organisations. Retail is a people-oriented business in which employees interact directly with customers, handle products, manage store operations, maintain displays, process transactions and contribute to sales. Unlike many other industries, the quality of customer service in retail depends greatly on the knowledge, skills, attitude and behaviour of employees. Therefore, effective human resource management is essential for recruiting suitable employees, developing their capabilities, motivating them and retaining them for better organisational performance. Retail stores employ people in different positions such as store managers, supervisors, salespersons, cashiers, customer service executives, stock handlers, visual merchandisers and security personnel. Each employee performs a specific function, but all of them contribute to the overall shopping experience. HRM ensures that the right number of employees with appropriate skills are available at the right time and at the right place. Proper workforce planning is particularly important in retail because customer demand varies according to weekdays, weekends, festivals, seasons, promotional campaigns and special occasions. Effective manpower planning prevents both understaffing and overstaffing. Recruitment and selection are among the most important functions of HRM in retail. Retail organisations need employees who possess communication skills, product knowledge, patience, confidence and a customer-oriented attitude. HR managers identify job requirements, prepare job descriptions, advertise vacancies, conduct interviews and select suitable candidates. Selecting the right employees reduces the possibility of poor performance and frequent employee turnover. A salesperson who understands customer needs and communicates effectively can create a positive shopping experience and increase the likelihood of sales. Training and development are equally important in retail operations. New employees must be familiarised with store policies, product information, billing procedures, inventory handling, customer service standards, safety procedures and organisational rules. Existing employees also require regular training because products, technologies, customer expectations and retail practices change continuously. Training in point-of-sale systems, digital payments, inventory software, online order processing and customer relationship management can improve operational efficiency. Product training enables salespersons to explain features, benefits, prices and alternatives accurately to customers. HRM contributes significantly to improving customer service.