Globalisation refers to the increasing integration of countries through the movement of goods, services, capital, technology, information and people across national borders. For developing countries, globalisation has produced significant economic, social, political and administrative changes. Its impact has been both beneficial and challenging, depending on the policies and institutional capacity of individual countries. One of the major positive impacts of globalisation is the expansion of international trade. Developing countries have gained access to larger international markets, enabling them to increase exports and earn foreign exchange. Industries such as textiles, information technology, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and manufacturing have benefited from international demand. Globalisation has also encouraged foreign direct investment (FDI), which brings capital, modern technology and managerial expertise. This can contribute to industrialisation, employment generation and economic growth. Globalisation has facilitated the transfer of technology and knowledge to developing countries. Access to modern communication technologies, digital services and advanced production techniques has improved productivity in several sectors. The spread of the internet and mobile communication has also strengthened access to education, financial services, healthcare and government information.