Pregnancy is a normal physiological process, but it is also a period in which the health of the woman and the developing fetus require continuous observation and appropriate care. Nursing care during pregnancy focuses on early identification of risks, promotion of maternal and fetal well-being, prevention of complications, health education, and preparation for safe delivery. A comprehensive health assessment should begin as early as possible and continue throughout the antenatal period. The first step is to obtain a detailed health history. The nurse should collect information about the woman's age, occupation, nutritional habits, lifestyle, previous illnesses, allergies, medications, immunization status, and family history of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, hereditary disorders, and multiple pregnancies. Obstetric history is particularly important. The nurse should ask about previous pregnancies, abortions, stillbirths, premature births, mode of previous deliveries, birth weight of previous babies, and any complications experienced during earlier pregnancies. Menstrual history, including the last menstrual period, is used to estimate the gestational age and expected date of delivery. Information about the present pregnancy, including nausea, vomiting, bleeding, abdominal pain, headache, swelling, urinary symptoms, and fetal movements, should also be assessed. A complete physical examination is required at the first antenatal visit and at appropriate intervals thereafter. General appearance, nutritional status, height, weight, body mass index, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure should be recorded. Blood pressure assessment is especially important because hypertension and pre-eclampsia can seriously affect maternal and fetal health. Weight should be monitored regularly to assess appropriate maternal weight gain and identify excessive or inadequate gain. The nurse should examine the skin, eyes, mouth, teeth, neck, breasts, abdomen, and extremities. Pallor may indicate anaemia, while edema, particularly when associated with hypertension or other symptoms, may require further evaluation. Breast assessment helps identify conditions that may affect breastfeeding. Abdominal examination is performed according to gestational age to assess uterine size, fetal position and presentation, and fetal growth. Fundal height is measured when appropriate. Fetal heart rate should be assessed using suitable equipment according to the stage of pregnancy, and fetal movements should be monitored and discussed with the woman. Laboratory investigations form an important part of antenatal assessment. Depending on local guidelines and individual risk factors, investigations may include haemoglobin or complete blood count, blood group and Rh typing, blood glucose testing, urine examination, screening for infections, and other tests recommended by the healthcare provider. Ultrasonography may be performed when clinically indicated or as part of routine antenatal care according to local protocols. The nurse should explain the purpose of investigations and ensure that abnormal findings are communicated promptly to the appropriate healthcare professional. Nutrition is a major