Christianity in India has a long and distinctive history that combines ancient traditions, colonial influences, missionary activities, and indigenous social transformations. Unlike many other regions where Christianity arrived primarily through conquest, its emergence in India reflects multiple phases of interaction involving trade, migration, cultural exchange, and social reform. Sociologically, the spread of Christianity demonstrates the interaction between religion, society, power, caste, education, and modernization. According to tradition, Christianity first arrived in India with St. Thomas the Apostle, who is believed to have reached the Malabar Coast of Kerala around 52 CE. The Christian communities that developed there, known as the St. Thomas Christians or Syrian Christians, maintained close ties with the Eastern Christian churches of West Asia. These communities adapted to local customs while preserving distinctive religious practices, illustrating the sociological process of cultural accommodation. They occupied relatively high social positions in Kerala and were integrated into the regional caste-like social order. The second major phase began with the arrival of European colonial powers, especially the Portuguese, in the late fifteenth century. Portuguese rule facilitated the spread of Roman Catholicism through missionaries such as St. Francis Xavier. Churches, educational institutions, and charitable organizations were established, particularly in Goa and along the western coast. Conversion