Glutaraldehyde is a colourless, oily liquid with a pungent odour and is widely used as a high-level disinfectant and chemical sterilant in hospitals, laboratories, dental clinics and other healthcare settings. It is particularly used for disinfecting heat-sensitive medical instruments, endoscopes, respiratory therapy equipment and surgical instruments. Although it is effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores at appropriate concentrations, exposure to glutaraldehyde can adversely affect human health. Therefore, its use represents an important link between occupational health and environmental safety. The health effects of glutaraldehyde depend on the concentration, duration and route of exposure. The main routes are inhalation of vapours, contact with the skin or eyes, and accidental ingestion. In healthcare workers, repeated occupational exposure is of particular concern because disinfecting solutions may release vapours into the surrounding environment, especially in poorly ventilated rooms. Inhalation of glutaraldehyde vapour can irritate the nose, throat and respiratory tract. Exposed individuals may experience burning or irritation of the nose and throat, coughing, chest discomfort, headache, dizziness and difficulty in breathing. Higher concentrations can cause severe respiratory irritation and may aggravate existing respiratory problems. Repeated exposure has been associated with occupational asthma and asthma-like symptoms in susceptible workers. Wheezing, shortness of breath and increased sensitivity of the airways may occur after repeated exposure. Workers who handle glutaraldehyde regularly should therefore be considered an important occupationally exposed group. The eyes are particularly sensitive to glutaraldehyde. Splashing of the chemical into the eyes can cause severe irritation, redness, watering, burning and pain. Significant exposure may damage the cornea and can impair vision. Even low concentrations of vapour may cause eye irritation in sensitive individuals. Immediate washing of the eyes is therefore essential after accidental contact. Direct skin contact can produce irritation, redness, burning, dryness and inflammation. Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to dermatitis. Some individuals can develop allergic contact dermatitis or become sensitized to glutaraldehyde. Once sensitization occurs, subsequent exposure to relatively small quantities may produce an allergic reaction. The use of contaminated gloves or inadequate protective clothing can increase the risk among healthcare workers. Glutaraldehyde may also produce systemic effects when exposure is substantial, although the principal occupational hazards are irritation and sensitization. Accidental ingestion is particularly dangerous and can cause burning and injury to the mouth, throat and gastrointestinal