The New Public Management (NPM) is a significant approach to public administration that emerged mainly during the late twentieth century as a response to the perceived limitations of traditional bureaucratic administration. It seeks to make government organizations more efficient, responsive, economical, and performance-oriented by introducing selected principles and practices from the private sector into the public sector. NPM represents a shift from an emphasis on rules, procedures, and hierarchical control towards results, managerial autonomy, competition, and citizen-oriented service delivery. Traditional public administration was largely based on the Weberian bureaucratic model, characterized by hierarchy, formal rules, centralized decision-making, permanent officials, and procedural accountability. While this model provided stability and predictability, it was increasingly criticized for excessive bureaucracy, rigidity, delays, rising public expenditure, and inadequate responsiveness to citizens. Economic pressures, fiscal crises, globalization, and demands for better government during the 1980s encouraged several countries to adopt