The Surya Siddhanta is one of the foundational texts of Indian astronomy, dating back to at least the early centuries of the Common Era, though its oral traditions may be older. It represents a sophisticated blend of observational astronomy, mathematical calculations, and cosmological philosophy, deeply rooted in the Indian epics, Puranas, and Siddhantic tradition. Unlike a purely mythological work, it frames celestial phenomena in precise mathematical terms, enabling predictions of planetary positions, eclipses, and the timing of rituals, thus connecting religious practice with empirical observation. The text’s astronomical framework influenced not only subsequent Indian astronomy but also laid foundations that echoed in later global scientific developments. The Surya Siddhanta treats the universe as a spherical system with the Earth at the center, revolving around a fixed cosmic framework. It introduces methods to calculate the motions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars using trigonometric principles, some of which were remarkably advanced for its time. For instance, it provides formulas for the mean and true motions of planets, methods to determine the lunar and solar eclipses, and a precise value for the length of the year. The text employs concepts such as the division of the circle into 360 degrees and subdividing each degree into minutes and seconds, demonstrating early use of angular measurement that would later become standard in global astronomy. Mathematically, the Surya Siddhanta contributed significantly through its systematic use of algebra, arithmetic, and trigonometry. The text contains algorithms for solving equations related to planetary motion, including quadratic and linear progressions. Notably, it uses sine tables—referred to as *jya* in Sanskrit—for calculating chord lengths in circular motion, which directly anticipates the modern sine function. These sine tables enabled precise astronomical predictions and became a standard reference for later Indian mathematicians, including Aryabhata and Bhaskara I. Its methods for interpolation and approximation show a sophisticated understanding of numerical analysis long before similar techniques appeared in Europe. The influence of the Surya Siddhanta on later Indian astronomical works was profound. Aryabhata, in the 5th–6th centuries CE, while introducing his own system, built upon the computational techniques outlined