Question
Discuss India’s policies towards its diaspora.
Answer :
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India’s policies towards its diaspora have evolved significantly over the years, reflecting the growing importance of overseas Indians in the country’s economic, political, cultural, and strategic interests. With one of the largest diaspora populations in the world, spread across more than 200 countries, India has adopted a comprehensive approach to strengthen ties with Non-Resident Indians (NRIs), Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), and Overseas Citizens of India (OCI). These policies aim to promote cultural identity, encourage investment, ensure the welfare of migrants, and enhance India’s global influence. One of the major objectives of India’s diaspora policy is to maintain emotional, cultural, and economic connections between overseas Indians and their ancestral homeland. The Government of India recognizes the diaspora as an important partner in national development. It has introduced various initiatives to facilitate engagement in sectors such as education, healthcare, entrepreneurship, technology, tourism, and philanthropy. The Ministry of External Affairs plays a central role in implementing diaspora-related policies through its Overseas Indian Affairs Division. Indian embassies and consulates provide essential services, including passport issuance, visa assistance, legal aid, and emergency support. They also organize cultural events and community outreach programs that help preserve Indian traditions and languages among overseas communities. A landmark initiative was the introduction of the Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) scheme in 2005. OCI cardholders receive lifelong multiple-entry visas, exemption from registration requirements for extended stays in India, and parity with NRIs in several economic and educational matters. Although OCI status does not grant political rights such as voting or holding constitutional offices, it significantly strengthens long-term engagement with India. The merger of the PIO and OCI schemes in 2015 simplified procedures and reduced administrative complexities. This reform reflected the
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