Question

Discuss in detail the 'Presumptions as to the Documents' under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872.

19 Jan 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 610
The law of evidence recognizes that in judicial proceedings it is not always possible to prove every document by direct and elaborate proof. To facilitate smooth administration of justice, the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 incorporates certain presumptions relating to documents. These presumptions are contained mainly in sections 79 to 90A of the Act. The object of these provisions is to reduce unnecessary formal proof of documents whose authenticity is ordinarily beyond reasonable doubt. Such presumptions help courts to accept documents as genuine unless they are specifically challenged. Presumptions as to documents may broadly be divided into two categories, namely, presumptions of law and presumptions of fact. Presumptions of law are mandatory in nature and the court is bound to draw them unless rebutted. For example, under section 79, the court shall presume to be genuine every document purporting to be a certified copy of a public
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