The institutionalisation of geography as an academic discipline refers to the process through which geography developed from a descriptive study of places, landscapes, and human activities into a systematic field of knowledge with established theories, methodologies, university departments, research institutions, and professional organisations. This process occurred mainly during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and was influenced by scientific developments, exploration, colonial expansion, and the growing need to understand spatial relationships between humans and the environment. In the ancient period, geographical knowledge was developed through the works of Greek scholars such as Herodotus, Strabo, and Ptolemy. Their contributions included descriptions of regions, mapping techniques, and attempts to explain the relationship between humans and nature. However, geography remained largely descriptive and was not recognised as an independent academic discipline. During the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration, geographical knowledge expanded significantly due to voyages, discoveries, and improvements in cartography. These developments created a foundation for the modern discipline of geography. The institutionalisation of geography began in Europe, particularly in Germany, during the nineteenth century. German scholars played a significant role in establishing