The concept of race has occupied an important place in the history of physical anthropology. Traditionally, physical anthropologists classified human populations into major races based on observable physical characteristics such as skin colour, hair form, cranial shape, facial features, eye shape, stature, and other morphological traits. These classifications were intended to describe human biological variation. However, modern anthropology recognizes that all humans belong to a single species, *Homo sapiens*, and that genetic variation is continuous rather than divided into rigid racial boundaries. Therefore, the traditional racial classifications are now regarded as descriptive historical models rather than scientifically fixed categories. One of the major traditional races is the Caucasoid race. It is widely distributed across Europe, North Africa, West Asia, and parts of South Asia. Caucasoids generally possess light to brown skin colour, wavy or straight hair, narrow noses, thin lips, prominent noses, and a relatively narrow face. Eye colour ranges from blue and green to brown, while hair colour varies from blonde to black. Subgroups traditionally included Nordic, Alpine, Mediterranean, Dinaric, Armenoid, and Indo-Afghan populations. Considerable variation exists within this broad group due to environmental adaptation and population mixing. The Mongoloid race includes populations of East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Arctic region, and Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Characteristic features include yellowish to light brown skin, straight black hair, broad cheekbones, epicanthic eye folds, relatively flat facial profiles, and sparse facial and body hair. The nose is generally medium to broad, and the eyes are usually dark brown. Traditional anthropologists recognized