Discuss important sections/articles of the Indian constitution related to education. Critically analyze roles of central and state governments in financing of education.
Answer :
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Some of the major constitutional provisions on education in India are as follows:
There are some changes regarding the 42nd Amendment to the Constitution.During 1976 our constitution was amended in many of its fundamental provisions. Under the Constitution of India, the Central Government has been specifically vested with several educational responsibilities. Below are given constitutional provisions on Education:
1. Free and Compulsory Education:
The expression ‘State’ which occurs in this Article is defined in Article 12 to include “The Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.” It is clearly directed in Article 45 of the Constitution that the provision of Universal, Free and Compulsory Education becomes the joint responsibility of the Centre and the States.
In the Constitution it was laid down that within 10 years, i.e., by 1960 universal compulsory education must be provided for all children up to the age of 14, But unfortunately, this directive could not be fulfilled. Vigorous efforts are needed to achieve the target of 100 percent primary education. The Central Government needs to make adequate financial provisions for the purpose. At the present rate of progress it may, however, be expected that this directive may be fulfilled by the end of this century.
2. Education of Minorities:
Article 30 of the Indian Constitution relates to certain cultural and educational rights to establish and administer educational institutions.
It lays down:
(i) All minorities whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
(ii) The state shall not, in granting aid to educational institutions, discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language. 3. Language Safeguards:
4. Education for Weaker Sections:
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