IGNOU MSWE 3 2026 2027 - Discuss hydro-meteorological disaster and geological hazards.

Question

Discuss hydro-meteorological disaster and geological hazards.

20 Jul 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 658

Hydro-meteorological disasters and geological hazards are among the most significant natural hazards affecting human life, infrastructure, ecosystems, and economic development. Their frequency and intensity have increased due to environmental degradation, rapid urbanization, population growth, and climate change. Effective disaster management requires a clear understanding of their nature, causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies. Hydro-meteorological disasters are hazards caused by atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic processes. They result from extreme weather and water-related events and often occur seasonally. These disasters include floods, cyclones, droughts, cloudbursts, thunderstorms, heat waves, cold waves, lightning, storm surges, and avalanches. Climate variability and global warming have intensified the occurrence of many hydro-meteorological events, making them more frequent and severe. Floods are among the most common hydro-meteorological disasters. They occur due to excessive rainfall, river overflow, dam failure, storm surges, or poor drainage systems. Floods destroy crops, homes, roads, and public utilities while causing

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