Discuss how adaptation and modification in stem, root and leaf have made Angiosperms the dominant species in whole of the plant kingdom.
Plants which live in extreme environments have adaptations to control their transpiration rate. Most modifications are adaptations to very dry (arid) environments. Water plants have no problem of water shortage. They do not need adaptations to conserve water as desert plants.
Plants modified to cope with a lack of water are called xerophytes. Living in deserts where water is scarce and evaporation is rapid, or in windy habitats where evaporation can also be rapid, they have to cut down water loss.
1. Marram grass (Ammophila)
Very long roots to search for water deep down in sand dunes.
Leaves that roll up in dry weather to increase humidity around stomata, reducing transpiration.
Sunken stomata to create high humidity and reduce transpiration.
Fine hairs around stomata, reducing air movement so
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