Gandhi's idea of Swaraj extends far beyond the political demand for independence from foreign rule. For him, Swaraj literally means "self-rule," but its deeper meaning lies in the ability of individuals and society to govern themselves through self-discipline, moral responsibility, and ethical conduct. Gandhi believed that true freedom could not be achieved merely by replacing foreign rulers with native ones; rather, it required the transformation of individuals and institutions based on truth, non-violence, and justice. At the individual level, Swaraj signifies mastery over one's desires, emotions, and actions. Gandhi argued that a person who is controlled by greed, fear, anger, or selfishness cannot be considered truly free, regardless of political circumstances. Self-rule begins with self-control, where individuals cultivate virtues such as honesty, simplicity, self-restraint, compassion, and fearlessness. Such moral development enables individuals to make responsible choices without external coercion. Gandhi viewed character-building as the foundation of Swaraj because ethical citizens form the basis of a healthy society. Gandhi emphasized that Swaraj requires self-reliance