IGNOU PHE 10 2018 - Design and draw the circuit of a voltage regulator using LM 317 to pro

Question

Design and draw the circuit of a voltage regulator using LM 317 to provide an adjustable voltage between 6 to 12V.

27 Jan 2018

Answer :

Word Count : 936

Block Diagram

This circuit, like all voltage regulators must follow the same general block diagram

Image ignouacademy-com--p-academy-15711

Here, we have got an input high voltage AC going into a transformer which usually steps down the high voltage AC from mains to low voltage AC required for our application. The following bridge rectifier and a smoothing capacitor to convert his AC voltage into unregulated DC voltage. But this voltage will change according to varying load and input stability. This unregulated DC voltage is fed into a voltage regulator which will keep a constant output voltage and suppresses unregulated voltage ripples. Now this voltage can be fed into our load.

Since the bridge rectifier has already been discussed in a previous page,I will not be going deeper into that section, so lets gets straight to the regulator circuit,

Simple Circuit Diagram

Image ignouacademy-com--p-circuit-56326

Firstly let us discuss about the need for the smoothing capacitance.As you know the out put of the bridge rectifier will be as follows

Image ignouacademy-com--p-using-82798

As you can see, although the waveform can be considered to be a DC voltage since the output polarity does not invert itself, the large ripples that exist inthe output makes sit almost impossible to be used in any powering applications.So it is to remove these ripples that the smoothing capacitor[C1] is used. Now the output after the capacitor will be

Image ignouacademy-com--p-2018-40673

Now to design the capacitor we use the simple equation, Y=1/(4√3fRC)

where,

Y = Ripple factor
f = Frequency (here 50Hz)
R = Required output voltage divided by maximum required

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