Adam Smith’s Classical Theory of Development is an important foundation of modern economic thought. Smith, an eighteenth-century Scottish economist and philosopher, presented his ideas on economic development most systematically in his famous work *An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations* (1776). Although Smith did not formulate a formal “development theory” in the modern sense, his analysis explained how economies could increase productivity, expand markets, accumulate capital, and raise the wealth of nations. His theory emphasized the importance of economic freedom, division of labour, capital accumulation, competition, and the expansion of markets. A major assumption of Smith’s theory is that individuals are motivated by self-interest. Smith argued that people generally seek to improve their own economic position. When individuals are free to pursue their interests within a competitive market, their activities can contribute to the production of goods and services and to the welfare of society. The famous idea of the “invisible hand” explains how private economic decisions may unintentionally promote wider economic prosperity. Another important assumption is the existence of economic freedom. Smith believed that individuals should have freedom to engage in occupations, trade, investment, and production. Excessive government intervention, monopolies, restrictions on trade, and unnecessary regulations were considered obstacles to economic progress. The market mechanism, through prices and competition, was expected to coordinate economic activities efficiently. Smith also assumed that human beings have a natural tendency to exchange and trade. This tendency makes specialization possible. As people and firms specialize in particular activities and exchange their products with others, overall productivity increases. The extent of specialization, according to Smith, depends significantly on the extent of the market. Larger markets permit greater specialization and therefore greater productivity. The division of labour is the central element of