Question
Describe working of protective relays. What are important functional requirement of relays?
Answer :
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Protective relays are essential devices used in electrical power systems to detect abnormal conditions and initiate corrective action, mainly by isolating the faulty section of the system. The working of a protective relay is based on continuous monitoring of electrical quantities such as current, voltage, frequency, power, or impedance. Under normal operating conditions, these quantities remain within predetermined limits. When a fault like short circuit, overload, earth fault, or voltage abnormality occurs, the measured quantity deviates from its normal value. The relay senses this deviation through current transformers or voltage transformers and compares it with a preset threshold. If the abnormal condition persists for a specified time, the relay operates
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