The working class in India refers to the section of society that primarily depends on wages or salaries earned through physical or manual labor, industrial work, service occupations, and other forms of labor-intensive employment. It forms a significant segment of the Indian social structure and has evolved over time due to industrialization, urbanization, globalization, and economic reforms. The nature of the Indian working class differs from that of industrialized Western societies because of India's colonial history, agrarian economy, large informal sector, and socio-cultural diversity. The emergence of the working class in India can be traced to the colonial period when modern industries such as textiles, jute, coal mining, railways, and plantations were established. These industries attracted workers from rural areas who migrated to cities in search of employment. Most workers came from poor peasant families, lower castes, tribal communities, and economically marginalized groups. Thus, the Indian working class was shaped not only by economic factors but also by caste, region, religion, and language. A distinctive feature of the Indian working class is its heterogeneity. Workers differ in terms of occupation, skill level, wages, education, social background, and employment conditions. The organized sector includes employees in