Accident causation theories play an important role in understanding the underlying reasons behind workplace accidents and in developing preventive strategies, particularly in the construction industry where the risk of hazards is considerably high. These theories provide frameworks to analyze why accidents occur and how they can be avoided by addressing root causes rather than just surface-level symptoms. Different models have been developed over time, each focusing on specific aspects of human behavior, organizational structure, and technical factors. One of the earliest theories is Heinrich’s Domino Theory, which emphasizes that accidents are the result of a chain of sequential events. Heinrich proposed that if one of the “dominoes” in the sequence is removed, the chain reaction stops, preventing the accident. The sequence includes ancestry, fault of person, unsafe act or condition, accident, and injury. This theory highlights the importance of addressing unsafe acts and conditions to break the chain, which is highly applicable in construction safety management where human errors and environmental conditions play major roles. Another important model is Bird’s Updated Domino Theory, which