Women have historically played a significant role in the economy, contributing through both traditional and non-traditional professions. In traditional professions, women’s participation has largely been shaped by societal expectations and gender roles, often emphasizing domestic labor, agriculture, craft, and small-scale trading. For centuries, in rural economies, women have been integral to subsistence farming, managing livestock, sowing and harvesting crops, and processing food. These contributions, though largely unpaid or undercompensated, are crucial for household survival and local economic stability. In addition to agricultural work, women have been involved in cottage industries such as weaving, embroidery, pottery, and handicrafts. These activities often serve dual purposes: providing household income and preserving cultural heritage. Traditional roles have also included domestic responsibilities that support labor productivity indirectly, such as childcare, cooking, and maintaining household health, enabling male family members to participate in external labor markets. In the service and informal sectors, women have long engaged in vending, small-scale trading, and food preparation for local markets. For example, women selling vegetables, handicrafts, or street food contribute not only to their family income but also to the circulation of goods in local economies. Despite the economic significance, the remuneration and recognition of women’s work in traditional professions often remain limited due to social norms, lack of formal contracts, and absence of legal protections. In addition, women’s work in traditional roles is frequently invisible in national economic statistics, undervaluing their contribution to both household and broader economic systems. Non-traditional professions, which have expanded significantly in the last few decades, encompass sectors such as education, healthcare, technology, finance, engineering, politics, and corporate leadership. Women’s entry into these professions represents a shift from gendered economic roles toward more equitable labor participation. In healthcare, for example, women constitute a majority in nursing and allied health professions, with increasing representation in medicine, hospital administration, and research. In education, women are not only teachers but also administrators, researchers, and policy influencers, shaping the intellectual and social development of society. The presence of women in these roles directly impacts economic development by promoting human capital and improving social welfare outcomes. In corporate and business sectors, women are increasingly taking leadership roles as entrepreneurs, managers, and CEOs. Initiatives such as microfinance, government-supported entrepreneurship programs, and gender-focused business networks have enabled women to establish small and medium enterprises, contributing to job creation and economic diversification. In technology and STEM fields, though still underrepresented, women are breaking barriers as software engineers, data scientists, and innovators, challenging historical biases and contributing to high-value