Question
Describe the role of ubiquitin and Proteasome in the degradation of misfolded proteins.
Answer :
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Ubiquitin and proteasome play a central role in maintaining cellular protein quality control by selectively degrading misfolded or damaged proteins, which is crucial in preventing non-infectious human diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. Ubiquitin is a small, highly conserved protein that functions as a molecular tag. Misfolded proteins are first recognized by cellular chaperones and quality control systems. Once identified, ubiquitin molecules are covalently attached to lysine residues on the target protein through an enzymatic cascade involving E1 (activating), E2 (conjugating), and E3 (ligating) enzymes. This polyubiquitination serves as a signal for degradation.
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