IGNOU BBYET 141 2026 - Describe the process of translation in eukaryotes.

Question

Describe the process of translation in eukaryotes.

31 Jan 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 485

Translation in eukaryotes is the process by which the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to produce a specific polypeptide or protein. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and involves multiple steps: initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling. The process begins with initiation. The small ribosomal subunit binds to the 5’ cap of the mRNA, which is a modified guanine nucleotide added during mRNA processing. This binding is facilitated by various initiation factors, collectively known as eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors). The small ribosomal subunit then scans the mRNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction to locate the start codon, which is typically AUG. The initiator tRNA carrying methionine (Met-tRNAi^Met) base-pairs with this start codon, establishing the correct reading frame for translation. Once the start codon is recognized, the large ribosomal subunit joins to form the complete 80S ribosome, ready for the elongation phase. During elongation, the ribosome reads the mRNA codons one at a time. Each codon

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