Russia occupies a unique geopolitical position as the world's largest country by land area, spanning Europe and Asia. Its strategic decisions and foreign policy objectives are shaped by a complex set of geopolitical challenges arising from security concerns, regional rivalries, economic pressures, demographic issues, and the evolving global balance of power. These challenges significantly influence Russia's efforts to preserve its status as a major global power and safeguard its national interests. One of the most significant geopolitical challenges facing Russia is its strained relationship with the West, particularly the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Russia views NATO's eastward expansion into Eastern Europe as a direct threat to its security and sphere of influence. The admission of former Soviet and Warsaw Pact states into NATO has heightened Russian concerns about military encirclement. Consequently, Russia has adopted a more assertive defense posture, increased military modernization, and strengthened its presence along its western borders. The conflict involving Ukraine has become another defining geopolitical challenge. Russia considers Ukraine strategically vital due to historical, cultural, economic, and security reasons. The prolonged conflict has resulted in widespread international sanctions, diplomatic isolation from many Western countries, and increased military expenditures. These developments have pushed Russia to reassess its foreign policy priorities while seeking greater strategic autonomy. Economic sanctions imposed by the United States, the European Union, and their allies constitute a major challenge. Restrictions on financial institutions, technology transfers, energy exports, and international trade have affected Russia's economic growth and