Describe the function of the following:
(i) Neurotransmitters
(ii) Pituitary gland
(iii) Pacemaker in mammalian heart
(iv) Bicarbonate ions in mammalian blood
(v) Brown fat
(i) Neurotransmitters
Answer- Neurotransmitters, also known as chemical messengers, are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission. They transmit signals across a chemical synapse, such as a neuromuscular junction, from one neuron (nerve cell) to another "target" neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell. Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in synapses into the synaptic cleft, where they are received by neurotransmitter receptors on the target cells. Many neurotransmitters are synthesized from simple and plentiful precursors such as amino acids, which are readily available from the diet and only require a small number of biosynthetic steps for conversion. Neurotransmitters play a major role in shaping everyday life and functions. Their exact numbers are unknown, but more than 100 chemical messengers have been uniquely identified.
(ii) Pituitary gland
Answer- The pituitary gland is a tiny organ, the size of a
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