Describe the common features which can be explained by the theoretical model of Bohr? Briefly write the limitation of this model.
Bohr’s Atomic Model:
Thomson’s atomic model and Rutherford’s atomic model failed to answer many questions related to the energy of an atom and its stability. In the year 1913, Niels Bohr proposed an atomic structure model, describing an atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the positively charged nucleus as planets around the sun in our solar system, with attraction provided by electrostatic forces, popularly known as Bohr’s atomic model.It was basically an improved version of Rutherford’s atomic model overcoming its limitations. On most of the points, he is in agreement with him, like concepts of nucleus and electrons orbiting it. Salient features of Bohr’s atomic model are:
- Electrons revolve around the nucleus in stable orbits without emission of radiant energy. Each orbit has a definite energy and is called energy shell or energy level.
- An orbit or energy level is designated as K, L, M, N shells. When the electron is in the lowest energy level, it is said to be in the ground state.
- An electron emits or absorbs energy when it jumps from one orbit or energy level to another. When it jumps from higher energy level to lower energy level it emits energy while it absorbs energy when it jumps from lower energy level to higher energy level.
- The energy absorbed or emitted is equal to the difference between the energies of the two energy levels (E1, E2) and is determined by Plank’s equation.
ΔE = E2-E1 = hv
Where,
ΔE = energy absorbed or emitted
h= Plank’s constant
v= frequency of electromagnetic radiation emitted or
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Derive an expression for calculating energy values corresponding n = 3 for a particle in one dimensional box.
From the infrared spectrum given below, identify the possible functional groups corresponding to the peaks indicated in the arrows.
Describe the common features which can be explained by the theoretical model of Bohr? Briefly write the limitation of this model.
Explain the reason for the variation of the first ionization energies of the third period elements.
Explain the type of hybridization in phosphorous pentafluoride
Draw all of the stereoisomers of 2,3-butandiol, label meso compounds and pairs of enantiomer.
Calculate the lattice energy (in Units kJ mol-1) for ZnO crystal using Eq. 3.4 based on electrostatic model and using a Born-Haber cycle. Compare the two answers and comment on any difference.
Useful data:
Medelung constant (A) = 1.6411
Born Constant (n) = 8
Internuclear distance (a) = 199 pm
Zn(s) + ½ O2(g) → ZnO(s) ∆Hf = - 350.5 kJ mol-1
Zn(s) → Zn(g) ∆HS = 130.4 kJ mol-1
Zn(g) → Zn+(g) I(Zn) = 906.3 kJ mol-1
Zn+(s) → Zn2+(g) I(Zn+) = 1733 kJ mol-1
½ O2(g) → O(g) ½ ∆Hd = 248.5 kJ mol-1
O(g) → O- (g) EA(O) = 141 kJ mol-1
O-(g) → O2-(g) EA(O-) = - 780 kJ mol-1