Question
Describe physiological response to stress as general adaptation syndrome (GAS).
Answer :
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Stress is a physiological and psychological response that occurs when an individual faces a perceived threat, challenge, or demand. In critical care nursing, understanding the body’s response to stress is important because critically ill patients frequently experience pain, infection, trauma, surgery, respiratory distress, uncertainty, and environmental stressors. Hans Selye described the physiological response to prolonged stress as the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which consists of three stages: alarm reaction, stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion. The alarm reaction is the immediate response to a stressful stimulus. It activates the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline and noradrenaline. As a result, heart rate, cardiac output, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen consumption increase.
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