Question
Describe numerical chromosomal aberrations.
Answer :
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Numerical chromosomal aberrations are a type of genetic disorder caused by an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell. Typically, humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), with one set inherited from each parent. However, errors during cell division can lead to either an extra chromosome or the absence of one, resulting in chromosomal abnormalities. These aberrations can be classified into two main types: aneuploidy and polyploidy. Aneuploidy refers to a condition where the chromosome number is not an exact multiple of the haploid set. The most common types of aneuploidy are monosomy and trisomy. Monosomy occurs when a cell has one less chromosome than normal, resulting in 45 chromosomes instead of 46. Trisomy, on the other hand, occurs when there is an extra chromosome, giving the individual 47 chromosomes. One of the most well-known examples of trisomy is Down syndrome (trisomy 21), where there are three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. Other examples of trisomy include trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) and trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome). Both of these conditions result in severe developmental and intellectual disabilities, with affected individuals often having a short
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