Question
Describe Calvin cycle and its regulation.
Answer :
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The Calvin cycle, also known as the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, is a fundamental biochemical pathway in photosynthetic organisms that converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules, primarily glucose, using the energy derived from ATP and the reducing power of NADPH produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. This cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and consists of three main phases: carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). The first phase, carbon fixation, is catalyzed by the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), which is the most abundant enzyme on Earth. RuBisCO facilitates the reaction between CO₂ and RuBP, a five-carbon
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