IGNOU MEDSE 46 2026 2027 - Delineate the various structural, economic, and spatial inequali

Question

Delineate the various structural, economic, and spatial inequalities prevalent in developing
economies. Examine the mechanisms through which high levels of inequality impede
sustainable economic growth and social cohesion.

18 Aug 2026

Answer :

Word Count : 677

Inequality in developing economies is multidimensional and arises from unequal access to resources, opportunities, institutions, and social power. It is not limited to differences in income but includes structural, economic, and spatial inequalities that reinforce one another. These inequalities shape people’s capabilities, living conditions, employment opportunities, and participation in economic and political life. Structural inequalities are rooted in social institutions, historical arrangements, and power relations. Caste, class, gender, ethnicity, religion, and other social identities can determine access to education, employment, land, credit, healthcare, and political representation. In many developing economies, women continue to face unequal wages, limited property rights, restricted mobility, and lower participation in formal employment. Marginalised caste and ethnic groups may experience discrimination and exclusion from productive assets and public services. Unequal ownership of land and other assets also creates persistent differences in economic power. Such inequalities are often reproduced across generations because children from disadvantaged households have fewer opportunities to improve their socioeconomic position. Economic inequalities refer primarily to differences in income, wealth, employment, consumption, and access to productive resources. Developing economies frequently exhibit a sharp concentration of land, capital, financial assets, and high-paying employment among a relatively small section of the population. At the same time, a large proportion of workers may depend on informal employment

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