Colonialism refers to a system of political, economic, and social domination in which one country establishes and maintains control over another country or territory, usually situated far from its own borders. The controlling country is called the colonial power or imperial power, while the controlled territory is known as a colony. Colonialism involves the occupation or administration of a territory, exploitation of its resources, and interference in its political, economic, and cultural life. In the history of modern Europe, colonialism became particularly important from the late eighteenth century and expanded rapidly during the nineteenth century. European countries such as Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Belgium, and later Germany and Italy established colonies in Asia, Africa, and other parts of the world. The growth of industrial capitalism created a strong demand for raw materials, markets, investment opportunities, and new areas for economic expansion. Colonial territories were therefore increasingly regarded as sources of wealth and strategic advantage. Colonialism was closely connected with imperialism, but the two terms are not exactly identical. Imperialism is the broader policy of extending political, economic, or military influence over other territories, whereas colonialism generally involves direct control and settlement or administration of a foreign territory. During the nineteenth century,