Thermal protection refers to the measures taken to maintain a newborn’s body temperature within the normal range and to prevent hypothermia, excessive heat loss, and overheating. It is an essential component of nursing care of the newborn because newborn babies, particularly premature and low-birth-weight infants, have limited ability to regulate their body temperature. Their large surface area in relation to body weight, thin skin, limited subcutaneous fat, and immature thermoregulatory mechanisms make them highly vulnerable to heat loss. The normal axillary temperature of a newborn is generally maintained around 36.5°C to 37.5°C. Thermal protection begins immediately after birth. The baby should be dried thoroughly with a warm, clean towel immediately after delivery, especially the head, because a wet newborn loses heat rapidly through evaporation. Wet linen should be removed and replaced with dry and warm clothing or blankets. The newborn should be kept in a warm environment and unnecessary exposure should be avoided. Skin-to-skin contact between the mother and baby is one of the most effective methods of thermal protection. The naked or diapered baby