Question
Define Rh incompatibility. Enumerate maternal factors which can affect foetal growth.
Answer :
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Rh incompatibility is a medical condition that occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive foetus. The Rh factor is a protein present on the surface of red blood cells. Individuals who possess this protein are Rh-positive, while those who do not are Rh-negative. Rh incompatibility usually becomes significant when foetal red blood cells enter the maternal bloodstream, most commonly during childbirth, miscarriage, trauma, invasive prenatal procedures, or placental bleeding. The mother's immune system recognizes the Rh-positive cells as foreign and produces antibodies against them. This process is known as sensitization. During a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh-positive foetus, these maternal antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy foetal red blood cells, leading to haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. The condition may result in anaemia, jaundice, hydrops foetalis, heart failure, or even foetal death if left untreated. The administration
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