Population Studies and Demography are closely related academic disciplines concerned with the scientific study of human population, its size, structure, distribution, composition, and changes over time. Demography is generally defined as the statistical and analytical study of human population focusing on vital processes such as fertility, mortality, migration, and population growth. It examines how populations change due to births, deaths, and movement of people across geographical areas. Population Studies, on the other hand, is broader in nature and includes not only demographic measurements but also social, economic, cultural, biological, environmental, and political factors influencing population dynamics. While demography emphasizes quantitative analysis and measurement of population variables, population studies integrate interdisciplinary perspectives to understand population behavior and its consequences for society. Demography originates from two Greek words, “demos” meaning people and “graphien” meaning to describe or write about. Thus, demography literally refers to the description of people. It involves systematic collection, classification, analysis, and interpretation of population data using statistical techniques. Demographers study population trends such as population growth rate, age composition, sex ratio, life expectancy, dependency ratio, and patterns of urbanization. They rely heavily on census data, civil registration systems, surveys, and demographic models to analyze population processes scientifically. Population Studies emerged as an expanded field when scholars realized that population change cannot be understood solely through numerical data. Social institutions, economic development, education, cultural traditions, technological advancement, and government policies significantly influence population patterns. Therefore, Population Studies incorporates sociological, economic, anthropological, geographical, and public health perspectives to analyze population issues comprehensively. It seeks to understand not only how population changes occur but also why they occur and what their implications are for development and human welfare. The scope of Population Studies is extensive and multidimensional because population influences almost every aspect of human life and societal development. One of the major areas within its scope is the study of population size and growth. Population Studies examines trends in population increase or decline over time and analyzes factors responsible for rapid population growth or population stabilization. Understanding growth patterns helps governments plan for resources, infrastructure, employment opportunities, and social services. Another important aspect of its scope is population composition and structure. Population Studies analyzes characteristics such as age distribution, sex composition, marital status, literacy levels, occupation, and religion. Age structure is particularly significant because it determines dependency ratios and economic productivity. A youthful population may provide demographic dividend opportunities, whereas an ageing population