Organic Brain Disorders (OBD) refer to a group of conditions characterized by decreased mental function due to a medical or physical disease, rather than a psychiatric illness. These disorders are caused by structural or physiological changes in the brain due to injury, disease, or chemical imbalances. In mental health nursing, OBDs are significant because they affect cognitive abilities, emotions, and behavior, requiring comprehensive assessment, diagnosis, and management strategies. The primary feature of OBD is the presence of demonstrable brain dysfunction, leading to changes in cognition, personality, memory, attention, and executive functioning. OBDs differ from functional psychiatric disorders in that their etiology is identifiable through physical or neurological causes. They may be acute or chronic, and the severity may vary from mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia. Common causes of OBD include traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, brain tumors, infections like encephalitis or meningitis, degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, substance abuse (alcohol or drug-related brain