Nutrition security refers to a condition in which all individuals, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access not only to sufficient food but also to a diverse, safe, and nutritious diet that meets their physiological needs for growth, development, an active life, and good health, supported by an environment of adequate health services, sanitation, clean water, care practices, and knowledge that enables proper utilization of nutrients. It emphasizes the quality of food consumed, the body’s ability to absorb and utilize nutrients, and the broader social, environmental, and health-related factors that determine nutritional outcomes. Nutrition security therefore goes beyond mere availability of food and focuses on outcomes such as freedom from malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, diet-related non-communicable diseases, and preventable nutrition-related morbidity and mortality. Food security, on the other hand, is defined as a situation in which all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and culturally acceptable food that meets their dietary energy needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. The concept of food security is traditionally structured around four pillars: availability of food through production, distribution, and trade; access to food through income, prices, and social entitlements; utilization of food, which includes basic nutrition knowledge and food safety; and stability, meaning that availability and access are sustained over time and not periodically disrupted by shocks such as conflict, economic crises, or environmental disasters. Food security primarily focuses on ensuring that people do not go hungry and have enough food to meet caloric requirements. The distinction between nutrition security and food security lies mainly in their scope and focus. Food security is a necessary but not sufficient condition for nutrition security. A population may be food secure in terms of calorie availability and access, yet still suffer from widespread malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, or diet-related diseases if the available food lacks diversity, essential nutrients, or is consumed under conditions that prevent proper absorption. Nutrition security explicitly addresses these gaps by emphasizing dietary quality, diversity, and the biological and social processes that translate food intake into nutritional status. While food security asks whether people have enough to eat, nutrition security asks whether what they eat, and the conditions under which they eat, actually promote health and well-being.