A disaster is a serious disruption of the normal functioning of a community or society that results in widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts which exceed the ability of the affected community to cope using its own resources. Disasters may be natural, such as floods, earthquakes, cyclones, droughts and pandemics, or human-induced, such as industrial accidents, chemical spills, nuclear hazards, fires and conflicts. In the context of public health and nutrition, a disaster not only causes immediate injury and loss of life but also disrupts food systems, water supply, sanitation, healthcare services and livelihoods, thereby increasing the risk of malnutrition, communicable diseases and long-term health consequences. Disaster management refers to the organized process of planning, coordinating and implementing measures to prevent, mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from disasters, with the aim of minimizing their impact on human health and well-being. Several factors influence the effectiveness of disaster management. One of the most significant factors is the level of preparedness. Preparedness includes early warning systems, risk assessment, contingency planning, stockpiling of essential supplies and training of personnel. Communities with well-developed preparedness plans are better able to respond quickly and reduce mortality and morbidity. In public health and nutrition, preparedness involves ensuring adequate stocks of essential medicines, vaccines, therapeutic foods, safe drinking water, and sanitation materials. Lack of preparedness often results in delayed response, overcrowded shelters, outbreaks of diseases and acute malnutrition among vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant women and the elderly. Another important factor is the strength of the healthcare infrastructure. Functional hospitals, primary health centers, laboratories and supply chains are critical during disasters. If health facilities are damaged or inaccessible, essential services such as maternal and child healthcare, immunization, disease surveillance and nutrition supplementation are disrupted. Weak infrastructure can lead to increased mortality from preventable conditions. Moreover, the availability of trained healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, public health professionals and nutritionists, significantly affects disaster response outcomes. Human resource shortages limit the capacity to manage mass casualties, monitor disease outbreaks and provide nutritional rehabilitation. Socioeconomic conditions of the affected population also play a crucial role. Poverty, low literacy levels, unemployment and poor housing increase vulnerability to disasters. Poor households often reside in hazard-prone areas and lack savings