Craniometry is the scientific measurement and study of the dimensions, proportions, and shape of the human skull. It is an important branch of physical anthropology that helps researchers understand human variation, evolutionary changes, and relationships among different populations. The term is derived from two words: “cranium,” meaning skull, and “metry,” meaning measurement. Craniometry involves taking accurate measurements of different parts of the skull, especially the cranial vault, facial region, and other bony structures. These measurements are used to study human biological diversity, growth patterns, evolutionary history, and changes that have occurred in human populations over time. In the study of human origin and evolution, craniometry has played a significant role in examining fossil remains of early humans and comparing them with modern humans. Anthropologists use skull measurements to understand differences between extinct hominins and present-day Homo sapiens. Features such as cranial capacity, facial proportions, and skull shape provide information about brain development, adaptation, and evolutionary relationships. Although modern anthropology uses genetic and molecular methods along with craniometry, skull measurements continue to be valuable in understanding human evolution. Craniometric landmarks are specific points on the skull that serve as