Question
Define ‘counselling’. Why is counselling important in distance education? Differentiate between counselling and tutoring?
Answer :
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Counselling is:
- The process that occurs when a client and counsellor set aside time in order to explore difficulties which may include the stressful or emotional feelings of the client.
- The act of helping the client to see things more clearly, possibly from a different view-point. This can enable the client to focus on feelings, experiences or behaviour, with a goal to facilitating positive change.
- A relationship of trust. Confidentiality is paramount to successful counselling. Professional counsellors will usually explain their policy on confidentiality, they may, however, be required by law to disclose information if they believe that there is a risk to life.
Most Universities in this zone have Counselling Centres, each of such centres usually has a team of counsellors some of whom are specialists. For instance, some are mental Health Counsellors, or clinical psychologists, counselling psychologists, rehabilitation psychologists or psychological testing specialists.
Lecturers should refer the distance education students to the appropriate personnel or the counselling centre as they deem fit.
Problems Of Distance Education Students:
The Distance Education Students are expected to be mature. However, being so does not insulate them from myriads of educationally related problems and other responsibilities which may worry them. There are three general sources of tress for this category of students. These are educational, social and emotional types of stress.
Educational Stress:
The typical student is expected to take more responsibility for his learning since the programme gives him a greeter degree of control or freedom over his learning. This in itself is a problem for many. Other sources of educational stress include:
- meeting deadlines for submission of term papers or writing tests examinations and assignments.
- doing group work co-operatively
- not knowing how to acquire good study habits
- not knowing how to use the library
- not knowing how to prepare for and take examinations
- not knowing how to adjust to different course lecturers
- not locating specialist rooms with ease
- not knowing how to relate to the campus environment
- not knowing how to cope with University level work or poor academic performance
- not knowing how to cope with new forms of distance learning strategies apart from the printed material packages they are familiar with e.g. a combination of
- interactive audio or video tape materials
- television aided learning
- overhead projector
- computer-assisted instruction programmes which may include internet and computer referencing. The variety and novelty of these forms may create problems for many distance education learners.
- the student may need counselling on the type of course or subject he has been enrolled for. He may query whether he can cope or he should continue the course.
Social Stress:
Social stress on the other hand, could arise from problem of relationships with coursemates, roommates, lecturers, administrators and other workers in the institution. It could also arise from difficulties of living conditions such as sleeping with others (they are not familiar with) in hostels, sharing many social facilities with a number much larger than they are accustomed to at their homes. If the student holds an office. there could be role stress or role conflict which can further increase his difficulties.
During tutorials, there is usually a high ratio of students to Lecturers. The implication of this is that there is normally less frequent help available from many Lecturers. The student who had probably thought the Lecturers would be available to attend to only his problems may be disappointed. This reasoning may create stress for such learners. Such a student should be referred to the counselling
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