Conflict can be defined as a situation in which two or more parties perceive incompatible goals, interests, values, or needs, leading to a state of disagreement or opposition. It is a natural and inevitable aspect of human interaction, arising in personal relationships, social groups, organizations, communities, and even among nations. Conflict is not inherently negative; rather, it becomes problematic when it escalates into hostility, violence, or prolonged discord that hinders constructive engagement and social harmony. In the context of conflict resolution and peacebuilding, understanding the nature, causes, and dynamics of conflict is crucial for designing strategies that prevent escalation, foster dialogue, and promote sustainable solutions. At its core, conflict involves a perception of divergence. Even when parties’ objectives may appear objectively compatible, if individuals perceive that another party’s actions or goals threaten their own interests, a conflict situation emerges. This subjective perception underlines the psychological dimension of conflict, emphasizing the role of attitudes, emotions, and interpretations in shaping disagreements. Conflicts can be explicit, where parties openly express their disagreements, or latent, where underlying tensions exist but are not openly manifested. Latent conflicts, if unaddressed, may surface unexpectedly, often exacerbating the intensity and complexity of the situation. Conflicts can be categorized based on their nature and context. Interpersonal conflict occurs between individuals, often arising from differences in personality, communication styles, or personal goals. In organizations, interpersonal conflicts may stem from competition over resources, unclear roles, or divergent work priorities. Group or intergroup conflict involves clashes between social groups, departments, ethnic communities, or political factions. Such conflicts are typically more complex as they involve collective identities, shared norms, and historical grievances. International or political conflicts occur between nations or political entities and may involve territorial disputes, ideological differences, economic