A research problem can be defined as a specific issue, difficulty, gap in knowledge, or question that a researcher aims to address through systematic investigation. In geoinformatics, a research problem typically involves spatial phenomena, patterns, or processes that require analysis using geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, or other spatial technologies. A well-defined research problem sets the direction for the entire study, helps in framing objectives, and determines the methodology and data requirements. It should be clear, focused, feasible, and significant, providing both scientific and practical relevance. The first step in identifying a research problem is conducting a thorough review of the existing literature. This involves examining scientific papers, reports, and case studies to understand what has already been explored, the gaps in knowledge, and the limitations of previous studies. In geoinformatics, this could include analyzing studies on land use/land cover change, urban growth, natural resource management, or environmental monitoring to identify areas where improved data analysis or modeling is required. The second step is observing real-world phenomena and challenges. Field visits, consultations with experts, and interactions with stakeholders provide practical insights