Question
Damage caused by E. insulana
Answer :
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Earias insulana, commonly known as the spiny bollworm, is a significant pest in cotton, okra, hibiscus, and other malvaceous crops. The larvae of E. insulana are the primary damaging stage, feeding internally on flower buds, squares, and bolls, which leads to substantial yield loss. Young larvae bore into the squares and tender bolls, causing them to rot or drop prematurely. The feeding activity often results in the formation of characteristic webbing mixed with frass around infested parts, which can be used as an indicator of infestation. Apart from direct feeding damage, E. insulana infestation creates entry points for secondary infections by fungi and bacteria, further deteriorating the quality
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