The influence of Russian literature on the Indian national movement is a topic that demands careful scrutiny, especially through the lens of Anuvad ki Rajniti, or the politics of translation. Russian literature, particularly the works of authors like Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and Maxim Gorky, entered the Indian intellectual and literary landscape during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, primarily through translations. These texts were not merely literary imports; they carried ideological undercurrents that shaped perceptions of society, morality, and revolution. While many scholars celebrate their impact on Indian thinkers and freedom fighters, it is crucial to critically examine how translation choices, selective readings, and political contexts mediated this influence. One significant point of critique is that the translations themselves often carried interpretive biases. Translators, whether motivated by nationalist fervor or socialist leanings, selectively emphasized themes of oppression, social justice, and revolutionary zeal. This sometimes resulted in a reading of Russian literature that highlighted its radical or reformist elements while minimizing its nuanced philosophical debates or spiritual dimensions. For instance, Tolstoy’s emphasis on moral introspection and personal non-violence was often reframed