Question
Critically discuss important scientific and administrative theories of management.
Answer :
Word Count : 1393
____ ___ _____ _________ ________.
____ _______ _______ __________ ________ _____ __________ ___ _______ ______ _______.
__________ ___ ___ _____ __________ ___ ____ ____.
___ ____ _______ ________ ______ _________ ____ ____ __________ ____ __________ ___.
_______ ________ _______ ______ _____ ____ ______ ____ ________ _________.
_______ ______ _______ ___ ______.
_______ _________ _______ ____ ________ ______ ___ __________.
__________ _____ ___ ____ ________ ____ __________ _______ ________ ___ _________.
______ _________ _____ _________ ______ __________.
________ ________ ______ _______ _________ __________ ________ ___ _____ ________ _________.
______ _____ __________ ________ ________ _________ ________ __________ _____ _____.
______ ________ _________ ______ _________ ________ ________.
________ _______ ______ _______ ___.
______ ____ ____ ___ _________ ____ _________ ______ ____.
_______ ______ _____ _______ _______ ________ _________ _____ ___ ________.
__________ _________ ____ _____ ____ __________ ___.
_______ _____ __________ ___ ______.
________ ____ ________ ________ _______.
___ _________ _______ ______ _____ __________ ______ _____.
__________ ___ _________ ____ _________ _________ __________ __________ ______ ________.
______ _________ _____ _______ ___ _________ _________ ______ ___ __________.
_________ _______ __________ _________ ______ _________ ___ ___ _________ ____ _________ ______.
_____ ________ _______ ___ _______ ________ ________ ___ ________.
_________ _______ ___ _________ ________.
_______ ___ ________ ____ ______.
_______ ______ ____ ______ ________.
__________ _______ __________ _____ ______ _____ __________.
___ _____ _________ __________ _____ _________ ________ ___.
_________ _____ ___ ________ _________ _______ _____ _______ _______ ______ ______.
____ ________ ______ _____ _______ __________.
__________ __________ _______ ______ _________ ______ ___ ___ _____ _______ ________.
_______ ________ ______ _________ _________ _______ __________.
_____ ______ _______ ____ ______ ___ _________.
____ ______ __________ ____ _________ __________ ________ ________ ______ _____ ______.
__________ _____ _______ _________ ___.
______ ________ _________ __________ ___ ______ ___.
______ ___ _______ ________ _________ _______ _________.
_____ ______ ________ ____ __________.
_____ _______ ______ ______ _______ _________ _________ _____ ________ ___ ___.
_______ ____ ______ ______ ___ ______ _________ ______ _______ ________ ______.
___ ______ ___ ____ ________.
__________ ______ ______ __________ _______ _______ _____ _________ ____ ___ ___ ______.
_______ ___ _______ _____ __________ _________ __________ __________ _____ ______ __________ ____.
_______ _________ _____ __________ ________ _______ _______ ______ ______ ____ ______.
______ ___ ___ ___ _________ __________ ________ _________ ______ __________.
_____ ___ ______ _________ ________ _______ ___ ___.
________ ________ _____ ___ ____ ________ _______ ____ _______.
_____ _____ ____ _________ ______ ______ ______ ____.
_______ ______ _______ _____ _____ ___ ____ ____ _____ _____ ______.
____ _____ ___ __________ _______.
______ ____ ________ _________ ____ ________ _______ ___.
________ ________ ____ __________ _______ _____ ___ _________ _____ ______ ________ _____.
__________ ____ __________ ________ ________ _____ ______ _____ _________ _______.
__________ ________ __________ ___ _________ ____ _____ ___ ____ ___.
____ _____ _______ __________ ________ ____ _________ _____ ______ _______ ________.
_________ __________ _____ ___ _____ ________ ___ ___ _________ ______ ___ ________.
___ ____ _____ __________ _________ ____ ________ _______ ________ ___ ______ ________.
__________ ____ _________ _____ ______ ___ ______.
_________ ________ __________ _______ ____ __________ _____ ______ _________ __________ _____.
_____ ____ ___ _______ ______ ___ ___ ______.
______ ________ ______ ______ ____ _________ _____ _________.
_______ ________ _______ _________ _____ ____ _______.
___ ________ ______ _____ _____ ______.
_________ ___ __________ ____ _________ ___ _______ ________ _________ _________.
___ _______ ___ _________ ____ _______ ___.
______ ________ _________ ________ ________ _____ ___ ___.
_________ __________ ________ ______ _________ ________ _____ ______ ________.
_____ ____ _____ __________ ___.
__________ _______ __________ _______ ___ ________ ___ _____ _________ __________ _____.
__________ __________ _______ ____ __________ _____ ________ _____ _______ _________ ______.
_____ ____ _______ ______ _______ ___ ______ ____ _______.
_____ _____ ___ ______ _________ ___ __________ _________ _____ ________.
____ ___ ______ ______ ________ ________ _______ _________ _________.
____ _________ __________ _________ __________.
___ ___ _________ __________ ______ _______ ________ _______ _____ ____.
_________ ___ ________ _____ _____ _______ __________ _______ _______ _____ ________.
________ ________ __________ ___ ___ _______.
____ __________ _________ _____ ____ __________ _________ ______ _____ __________ ___ _______.
___ __________ ________ ___ ____ _______ ____ _______ _____ ____ _________ __________.
__________ ______ ____ _______ ___ ___ _____ ______ __________ ______ _______ _____.
___ ____ ____ _____ _____ _________ ___.
______ _______ __________ _____ _________ ________ ____ ______ ______ ______ __________.
_____ ________ __________ _____ ______.
_________ __________ _____ __________ ___.
__________ ________ ____ __________ _______ _________ _______ ________ _________ __________ _________.
____ ______ ____ _________ __________ __________ ___ __________ ________.
______ ______ _______ ________ _____ ______ ___ ___.
____ _________ ___ _______ _______.
_________ ________ _________ __________ ____ ________ __________ ________ ______ ________ ______.
________ _________ _________ ___ _________ ___ ________ ____ ___ ___.
______ ________ ___ ________ _________ _______ _______ ________ ________.
________ ____ _____ ____ __________ ______ ______ ______ _______ ______ __________.
___ ___ _______ ____ _______ ____ ___ ____ ___.
_____ ______ _________ ________ ___.
___ __________ ______ ___ __________.
____ _______ __________ __________ _______ _____ ____ _____.
________ _____ _____ _____ __________ _______.
_____ __________ ___ __________ ___ ____ _______ _______ _________ __________ _________ ___.
__________ ______ ___ ____ _________ ___ ____ _______ _____ __________ _____ _________.
__________ _____ _________ ___ _______ _______ __________ ___ _______ _______.
__________ ______ _________ _______ _____ ______ __________ _____ ____ ____ ________.
_____ ____ _________ ____ ________ __________ ______ _____ _______.
__________ ___ ________ ________ __________ ____ ______ ________ _______ _____ _________ ___.
________ _____ __________ _________ ___ ____ _________ _________ ___ ____ __________.
_______ ___ ________ ______ __________ _______ ____.
__________ _________ ___ ___ ______ __________.
________ _______ _____ __________ ___ _________ ____.
___ _____ ______ ______ ________.
_____ ____ _______ ___ ___ _____ _________ __________.
__________ ___ _________ ________ ________ _______ ___ _________ ______.
__________ ______ ______ ____ ____ __________ _____ _______ ______.
____ ___ ________ ___ ______ ___ ________ _________ ______ _________ __________.
____ ________ __________ ___ ________ _____ _____ __________ ______ ___ _________ _____.
__________ __________ ____ _____ ________.
______ _______ ______ ____ _________ ____.
__________ ___ ___ ___ _________ _____ _______ ___ ______ _______.
____ ________ _______ _______ _______.
____ _________ _______ ________ _____ ______ ______ ______.
____ ________ ____ ______ _________.
______ _________ _______ _________ _________ _____ __________ _________ __________ _____ __________.
__________ _____ ________ ________ ______ ___ __________.
______ ________ __________ ________ __________ _________ ____ _______ _______ ____ _________ __________.
_____ __________ ________ ___ _______.
____ _______ _____ _______ ____.
_______ _____ ______ _____ _____ _______ ___ _______.
_______ __________ _______ _____ ___ ___ _______ ______ ________ ___.
________ ____ __________ ________ _________ ________ ______ _________ __________ ______.
____ _________ _______ _________ _____ ___ ________ ________ _____ _____ ____.
__________ _____ ____.
Skip in 10
Scientific and administrative theories of management have significantly shaped the modern approach to managing organizations, particularly in the context of extension and development programs. These theories offer insights into how managers can optimize efficiency, improve productivity, and better handle resources. The discussion of these theories is essential in understanding the complexities involved in planning and managing extension and development programs effectively.
Scientific Management Theory
The Scientific Management Theory, developed by Frederick Taylor in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, is one of the most well-known management theories. It focuses on improving economic efficiency and labor productivity through systematic study and application of scientific methods. Taylor's approach emphasized the need for managers to adopt a scientific approach to task management by studying work processes, identifying the best way to perform a task, and ensuring workers were trained to follow those methods.
In the context of extension and development programs, scientific management can be applied to optimize the processes involved in resource allocation, training, and outreach. For example, using time and motion studies to determine the most effective ways of conducting training sessions for farmers or communities could lead to more efficient programs. Scientific management's focus on standardization and efficiency ensures that development efforts are implemented in a way that maximizes results while minimizing costs.
However, there are criticisms of the scientific management approach. It tends to view workers as cogs in a machine, which may reduce job satisfaction and creativity. Furthermore, it may not always be adaptable to the dynamic and diverse needs of communities in extension programs. The rigid, top-down structure of scientific management can stifle innovation and participation, which are crucial for the success of community-driven development programs.
Administrative Management Theory
Henri Fayol, a French industrialist, is credited with developing the
____ _______ _______ __________ ________ _____ __________ ___ _______ ______ _______.
__________ ___ ___ _____ __________ ___ ____ ____.
___ ____ _______ ________ ______ _________ ____ ____ __________ ____ __________ ___.
_______ ________ _______ ______ _____ ____ ______ ____ ________ _________.
_______ ______ _______ ___ ______.
_______ _________ _______ ____ ________ ______ ___ __________.
__________ _____ ___ ____ ________ ____ __________ _______ ________ ___ _________.
______ _________ _____ _________ ______ __________.
________ ________ ______ _______ _________ __________ ________ ___ _____ ________ _________.
______ _____ __________ ________ ________ _________ ________ __________ _____ _____.
______ ________ _________ ______ _________ ________ ________.
________ _______ ______ _______ ___.
______ ____ ____ ___ _________ ____ _________ ______ ____.
_______ ______ _____ _______ _______ ________ _________ _____ ___ ________.
__________ _________ ____ _____ ____ __________ ___.
_______ _____ __________ ___ ______.
________ ____ ________ ________ _______.
___ _________ _______ ______ _____ __________ ______ _____.
__________ ___ _________ ____ _________ _________ __________ __________ ______ ________.
______ _________ _____ _______ ___ _________ _________ ______ ___ __________.
_________ _______ __________ _________ ______ _________ ___ ___ _________ ____ _________ ______.
_____ ________ _______ ___ _______ ________ ________ ___ ________.
_________ _______ ___ _________ ________.
_______ ___ ________ ____ ______.
_______ ______ ____ ______ ________.
__________ _______ __________ _____ ______ _____ __________.
___ _____ _________ __________ _____ _________ ________ ___.
_________ _____ ___ ________ _________ _______ _____ _______ _______ ______ ______.
____ ________ ______ _____ _______ __________.
__________ __________ _______ ______ _________ ______ ___ ___ _____ _______ ________.
_______ ________ ______ _________ _________ _______ __________.
_____ ______ _______ ____ ______ ___ _________.
____ ______ __________ ____ _________ __________ ________ ________ ______ _____ ______.
__________ _____ _______ _________ ___.
______ ________ _________ __________ ___ ______ ___.
______ ___ _______ ________ _________ _______ _________.
_____ ______ ________ ____ __________.
_____ _______ ______ ______ _______ _________ _________ _____ ________ ___ ___.
_______ ____ ______ ______ ___ ______ _________ ______ _______ ________ ______.
___ ______ ___ ____ ________.
__________ ______ ______ __________ _______ _______ _____ _________ ____ ___ ___ ______.
_______ ___ _______ _____ __________ _________ __________ __________ _____ ______ __________ ____.
_______ _________ _____ __________ ________ _______ _______ ______ ______ ____ ______.
______ ___ ___ ___ _________ __________ ________ _________ ______ __________.
_____ ___ ______ _________ ________ _______ ___ ___.
________ ________ _____ ___ ____ ________ _______ ____ _______.
_____ _____ ____ _________ ______ ______ ______ ____.
_______ ______ _______ _____ _____ ___ ____ ____ _____ _____ ______.
____ _____ ___ __________ _______.
______ ____ ________ _________ ____ ________ _______ ___.
________ ________ ____ __________ _______ _____ ___ _________ _____ ______ ________ _____.
__________ ____ __________ ________ ________ _____ ______ _____ _________ _______.
__________ ________ __________ ___ _________ ____ _____ ___ ____ ___.
____ _____ _______ __________ ________ ____ _________ _____ ______ _______ ________.
_________ __________ _____ ___ _____ ________ ___ ___ _________ ______ ___ ________.
___ ____ _____ __________ _________ ____ ________ _______ ________ ___ ______ ________.
__________ ____ _________ _____ ______ ___ ______.
_________ ________ __________ _______ ____ __________ _____ ______ _________ __________ _____.
_____ ____ ___ _______ ______ ___ ___ ______.
______ ________ ______ ______ ____ _________ _____ _________.
_______ ________ _______ _________ _____ ____ _______.
___ ________ ______ _____ _____ ______.
_________ ___ __________ ____ _________ ___ _______ ________ _________ _________.
___ _______ ___ _________ ____ _______ ___.
______ ________ _________ ________ ________ _____ ___ ___.
_________ __________ ________ ______ _________ ________ _____ ______ ________.
_____ ____ _____ __________ ___.
__________ _______ __________ _______ ___ ________ ___ _____ _________ __________ _____.
__________ __________ _______ ____ __________ _____ ________ _____ _______ _________ ______.
_____ ____ _______ ______ _______ ___ ______ ____ _______.
_____ _____ ___ ______ _________ ___ __________ _________ _____ ________.
____ ___ ______ ______ ________ ________ _______ _________ _________.
____ _________ __________ _________ __________.
___ ___ _________ __________ ______ _______ ________ _______ _____ ____.
_________ ___ ________ _____ _____ _______ __________ _______ _______ _____ ________.
________ ________ __________ ___ ___ _______.
____ __________ _________ _____ ____ __________ _________ ______ _____ __________ ___ _______.
___ __________ ________ ___ ____ _______ ____ _______ _____ ____ _________ __________.
__________ ______ ____ _______ ___ ___ _____ ______ __________ ______ _______ _____.
___ ____ ____ _____ _____ _________ ___.
______ _______ __________ _____ _________ ________ ____ ______ ______ ______ __________.
_____ ________ __________ _____ ______.
_________ __________ _____ __________ ___.
__________ ________ ____ __________ _______ _________ _______ ________ _________ __________ _________.
____ ______ ____ _________ __________ __________ ___ __________ ________.
______ ______ _______ ________ _____ ______ ___ ___.
____ _________ ___ _______ _______.
_________ ________ _________ __________ ____ ________ __________ ________ ______ ________ ______.
________ _________ _________ ___ _________ ___ ________ ____ ___ ___.
______ ________ ___ ________ _________ _______ _______ ________ ________.
________ ____ _____ ____ __________ ______ ______ ______ _______ ______ __________.
___ ___ _______ ____ _______ ____ ___ ____ ___.
_____ ______ _________ ________ ___.
___ __________ ______ ___ __________.
____ _______ __________ __________ _______ _____ ____ _____.
________ _____ _____ _____ __________ _______.
_____ __________ ___ __________ ___ ____ _______ _______ _________ __________ _________ ___.
__________ ______ ___ ____ _________ ___ ____ _______ _____ __________ _____ _________.
__________ _____ _________ ___ _______ _______ __________ ___ _______ _______.
__________ ______ _________ _______ _____ ______ __________ _____ ____ ____ ________.
_____ ____ _________ ____ ________ __________ ______ _____ _______.
__________ ___ ________ ________ __________ ____ ______ ________ _______ _____ _________ ___.
________ _____ __________ _________ ___ ____ _________ _________ ___ ____ __________.
_______ ___ ________ ______ __________ _______ ____.
__________ _________ ___ ___ ______ __________.
________ _______ _____ __________ ___ _________ ____.
___ _____ ______ ______ ________.
_____ ____ _______ ___ ___ _____ _________ __________.
__________ ___ _________ ________ ________ _______ ___ _________ ______.
__________ ______ ______ ____ ____ __________ _____ _______ ______.
____ ___ ________ ___ ______ ___ ________ _________ ______ _________ __________.
____ ________ __________ ___ ________ _____ _____ __________ ______ ___ _________ _____.
__________ __________ ____ _____ ________.
______ _______ ______ ____ _________ ____.
__________ ___ ___ ___ _________ _____ _______ ___ ______ _______.
____ ________ _______ _______ _______.
____ _________ _______ ________ _____ ______ ______ ______.
____ ________ ____ ______ _________.
______ _________ _______ _________ _________ _____ __________ _________ __________ _____ __________.
__________ _____ ________ ________ ______ ___ __________.
______ ________ __________ ________ __________ _________ ____ _______ _______ ____ _________ __________.
_____ __________ ________ ___ _______.
____ _______ _____ _______ ____.
_______ _____ ______ _____ _____ _______ ___ _______.
_______ __________ _______ _____ ___ ___ _______ ______ ________ ___.
________ ____ __________ ________ _________ ________ ______ _________ __________ ______.
____ _________ _______ _________ _____ ___ ________ ________ _____ _____ ____.
__________ _____ ____.
IGNOU ACADEMY
Your IGNOU journey, made easier.
- Solved Assignments
- Study Notes
- Guess Papers
- Question Papers
Continue Reading — It's Free
Sign in with Google to unlock more of this answer.
✓ Free access
✓ Unlock up to 60% of the answer
✓ No payment required
✓ Unlock up to 60% of the answer
✓ No payment required
Quick Google sign-in. No separate registration form.