The contemporary human rights movement in India faces numerous challenges that complicate its efforts to secure and protect fundamental rights for all citizens. One of the most significant challenges is the increasing politicization of human rights issues. Human rights concerns are often viewed through partisan lenses, leading to selective attention or dismissal based on political affiliations. This politicization undermines the universal nature of human rights and reduces the movement’s ability to act as an impartial advocate for justice. Another critical challenge is the rise of majoritarianism and identity-based politics. In recent years, there has been a tendency to prioritize the rights and narratives of dominant groups, which has marginalized minority communities such as religious minorities, Dalits, Adivasis, and LGBTQ+ individuals. This societal polarization often results in the neglect or violation of the rights of these vulnerable groups. The movement struggles to combat systemic discrimination that is deeply entrenched in social, economic, and political structures, making the protection of equal rights complex and fraught with resistance. Legal and institutional barriers also pose significant obstacles. Although India has a robust legal framework for human rights protection, including fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution and various statutes, enforcement remains inconsistent. The judicial process is often slow and overburdened, causing delays in justice delivery. Moreover, the law enforcement machinery is sometimes complicit in rights violations, especially in cases involving marginalized populations or