Biomass pyrolysis is an important thermochemical process used in bioenergy conversion where organic materials are decomposed under high temperature in the absence or limited supply of oxygen. The schematic diagram represents the major stages involved in biomass pyrolysis, starting from the biomass feedstock and ending with the production of valuable energy-rich products such as bio-oil, biochar, and syngas. Biomass feedstock can include agricultural residues, wood waste, and organic municipal waste, which are considered renewable sources of energy. Proper preparation of biomass feedstock is necessary to ensure efficient thermal conversion, including drying, size reduction, and removal of unwanted impurities. In the diagram, biomass feedstock is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor where heating is carried out without oxygen. The absence of oxygen is essential because it prevents complete combustion and allows thermal decomposition to occur. The reactor is the core component of the system where controlled temperature conditions are maintained, usually in the range of 300°C to 700°C depending on the desired product yield. The heating rate and residence time inside the