The conversion of an Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram into normalized relations involves transforming entities, attributes, and relationships into relational tables while eliminating redundancy and maintaining data integrity. The normalization process is generally carried out up to Third Normal Form (3NF). Since the ER diagram from part (c) is not reproduced here, the conversion can be illustrated using a typical database containing entities such as Student, Course, and Enrollment. First, each strong entity in the ER diagram is converted into a separate relation. The attributes of the entity become columns of the relation, and its primary key uniquely identifies each record. For example, if the ER diagram contains a Student entity with Student_ID, Student_Name, Email, Phone, and Department_ID, it can be represented as: STUDENT (Student_ID, Student_Name, Email, Phone, Department_ID) Here, Student_ID is the Primary Key (PK), while Department_ID can act as a Foreign Key (FK) referencing the Department relation. If a Department entity is present, it is converted into: DEPARTMENT (Department_ID, Department_Name) Here, Department_ID is the Primary Key. Similarly, a Course entity can be converted into: COURSE (Course_ID, Course_Name, Credits, Department_ID) Here, Course_ID is the Primary Key and Department_ID is a Foreign Key referencing DEPARTMENT(Department_ID). Relationships between entities