Question
Compare the fidelity of transcription and DNA replication and discuss the biological significance of transcriptional errors.
Answer :
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DNA replication and transcription are both fundamental processes in molecular biology, but they differ significantly in their fidelity and biological consequences. DNA replication exhibits extremely high fidelity because it ensures that the genetic information is accurately passed on to daughter cells. This high accuracy is achieved through complementary base pairing, the proofreading activity of DNA polymerases, and post-replicative repair mechanisms. The error rate of DNA replication is estimated to be around 1 in 10⁹ to 10¹⁰ nucleotides, reflecting the necessity for stable inheritance of the genome over generations. Any error in replication can lead to
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